HUNGARY-ROMANIA CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION PROGRAMME 2007-2013

Project title: Environmental cadastre and ecological action plan of the Rivers Fehér – Fekete- and Kettős-Körös

Acronym: CRISKOR

Project ID:  HURO/0901/238/1.3.4

Project period: March 2011 – February 2012

Partnership:

v  Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Centre for Regional Studies Pecs, Bekescsaba Subsidiary – project leader

v  INCD ECOIND Bucharest, Timisoara Subsidiary – project partner

General objective: Conservation the carrying capacity of the biophysicaly unified landscape

Specific objectives:

  • Cross border environmental cadastre
  • Awareness degree evaluation of the target population
  • Joint action plan for optimal human activities along the Cris rivers

Total project budget: 86 218 euro

Short summary of the project

By means of enumerating and evaluating the activities that have impact on the environment of the region concerned, this project attempts to outline prospective and sustainable methods of environmental management and conservation. Its primary object is to reveal the human activities posing serious risks to the environment in the region, most especially in the catchment area of the Körös Rivers. Moreover, by identifying the scale of contamination based on scientifically validated methods, the project attempts to propose a programme to cushion the effects of those human activities. The target group includes the residents and farmer groups in the region. It is expected that the environmental cadastre, conducted in a manner mentioned above, with the assistance of a survey of environmental awareness, and both a professionally prepared environmental impact study, and risk assessment procedures pave the way for the production of an action plan the major goal of which is to maintain the ecological carrying capacity of the physiographically uniform region.

Project final outputs:

  • “State-of-environment” – baseline study – RO
  • “State-of-environment” – baseline study – HU
  • Comparative study regarding the legislation and regulations in the field in Hungary and Romania – RO
  • Comparative study regarding the legislation and regulations in the field in Hungary and Romania – HU
  • Environmental risk assesment study – RO
  • Environmental risk assesment study – HU
  • Evaluation study of environmental awareness and attitudes of inhabitants regarding the environmental problems – RO
  • Evaluation study of environmental awareness and attitudes of inhabitants regarding the environmental problems – HU
  • Joint Ecological Action Plan – RO
  • Joint Ecological Action Plan – HU

Downloading the final results of the project can be done here

Beneficiaries:

–          Institutions and local authorities benefiting from the elaborated studies

–          Target inhabitants benefiting from project results, on both sides of the border

www.huro-cbc.eu

The content of this webpage does not necessarily represent the official position

of the European Union.


SUSTAINABLE SOIL UPGRADING BY DEVELOPING COST EFFECTIVE,

BIOGEOCHEMICAL REMEDIATION APPROACHES

SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME – THEME 6 “ENVIRONMENT (INCLUDING CLIMATE CHANGE)”

Grant agreement no.: 226956

Period of project development: October 2009 – September 2012

PARTNERS

Consortium Partners and the participating countries

Project aims to achieve a breakthrough in in-situ biogeochemical remediation through an innovative perspective that takes into account the integral soil-contaminant system.

To this end UPSOIL will develop robust technologies for fast, cost-efficient, integrated source zone and plume treatment. They are designed to result both in timely reached restored soil functions and associated risk levels and a maximal use of the natural soil rehabilitation potential at a longer term.

UPSOIL thus supports soil function preservation and faster restoration and sustainable redevelopment of European regions and cities that carry the burden of historical soil contamination.

Accompanying goals are to broaden the market of soil remediation for SMEs and to build confidence with regulators in adopting sustainable in-situ remediation as the preferable approach for soil restoration.

UPSOIL will focus on soils with organic contaminants (petroleum hydrocarbons and aliphatic chloro-organics) while addressing effects on metal mobilization, aiding in the remediation of the most pressing soil pollution cases in Europe.

Within the UPSOIL perspective, smart coupling of existing technologies already optimises remediation with respect to cost, time and soil sustainability.

In addition, highly innovative techniques (to be patented) will be developed. These include the automatic targeting of injection of the remedial agent via an in-built NAPL detection-probe, and the use of specifically developed selective remedial agents that react with the contaminant only and not with the soil matrix.

UPSOIL joins strong partners from different EU regions that form a balanced mix of scientific knowledge groups, applied science experience, and practical input through SMEs and contractors that also secure testing of the technologies develop in real field site situations and a further market application of the developed knowledge.

In addition the involvement of various stakeholders (authorities, problem owners, technology providers, financial supporters of redevelopments) guarantees that results are tuned to practical needs as present in the soil restoration market. Committed stakeholders and their network in the European market form an important window to disseminate the project results: bringing “knowledge to use” is an important aspect of the UPSOIL project.

CONCEPTUAL WORK AND OBJECTIVES

The concept of UPSOIL is that for the enhancement of cost-effective sustainable remediation of contaminated soil on a European scale, three optimization dimensions need to be addressed:

1. COST: the cost effectiveness of remediation should be significantly increased as compared to current practices,

2. TIME: the technologies employed should allow fast release of sites for urban/industrial or ecological redevelopment,

3. SUSTAINABILITY: the technologies employed should ensure that there are no pending (post-remediation) liability issues and that soil functions are maintained or restored.

The project’s aim is to make the required breakthrough in in-situ (bio)chemical remediation for organic contaminants, by developing robust technologies for fast, cost-effective, integrated source zone and plume treatment that result in both allowable (risk) levels and maximal use of the natural soil rehabilitation potential at a longer term.

PROJECT DURATION

Laboratory and field experimental work is being developed from October 2009 up to September 2012, as the chronogram shows.


The EEA Financial Mechanism between the Government of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway Government and the Government of Romania

MONITORING SYSTEM OF THE QUALITY OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION, PRODUCED AND DISTRIBUTED BY ROMANIAN COMPANY”

Period: 2009-2011

Consortium: INCD ECOIND – project promoter, STIFTELSEN SINTEF Norway– partner

The overall goal of the project is to protect the population health from the adverse effects of any contamination of water intended for human consumption by ensuring that potable water produced and supplied by the Romanian Companies, fulfils the quality requirements imposed by the national and European regulations (EU Directive 98/83/EC), in force.

Project Objectives:

  • to develop and implement an adequate and representative monitoring program of the quality of water produced and supplied by 2 Romanian regional companies,  from the source of raw water, on the treatment flow and in the distribution network, to consumers (network extremities included);
  • evaluation of the performances of water treatment and distribution systems selected from the S-E part of Romania to identify possible causes leading to degradation of quality of water   intended for human consumption; recommendations/ measures for optimization /modernization of actual treatment /potabilization flow andto assure the maintenance and control of distribution network and to protect human health.

Romanian Water Companies involved in project: SC CUP “Dunarea” SA Braila with 7 treatment plants and SC ECOAQUA SA Calarasi with 6 treatment plants

Romanian Water Companies involved in project: SC CUP “Dunarea” SA Braila with 7 treatment plants and SC ECOAQUA SA Calarasi with 6 treatment plants.

Results:

Complex monitoring program of the quality of drinking water, from the source of raw water, on the treatment flow and in the distribution network, to final consumers—sampling campaigns were performed once by month, from October 2009 until September 2010 and a significant number of physical-chemical and bacteriological indicators were analyzed (over 1400 samples from 185 control points and approx. 50,000 analyses were performed); 

Download “TRAINING COURSE SI MONITORING PLANS

Overall assessment and statistical interpretation of the results obtained after implementation of the optimized monitoring program at the treatment plants from the two Romanian Water Companies involved in project;

Solutions for optimization of actual treatment flows and measures to assure the maintenance and control of distribution network, to protect human health from the adverse effects of any contamination of drinking water;

DownloadSOLUTIONS AND RECOMANDATIONS

Project publicity —results dissemination; knowledge and innovation transferred to other Romanian water treatment plants and water supply systems;

DownloadRO0016-project indicators

352 informative-promotional materials (leaflets, brochures) disseminated at fairs/exhibitions /scientific events

DownloadINFORMATIVE MATERIALS;

3 scientific communications and 3 posters at international conferences / symposia (SIMI 2009-2011; COST-Action 637,2010; SGEM 2010; IHSS-XV Meeting, 2010)

DownloadCOMUNICATIONS” AND “POSTERS;

2 scientific papers

DownloadSCIENTIFIC PAPERS

and 4 advertising in press / technical magazine

DownloadPUBLIC ARTICLES;

1 workshop Download  “FINAL WORKSHOP;

1 round table Pdf.” Programme SIMI 2011”; project web-site.

 


Environment Statistics Survey

EuropeAid/114921/D/SV/RO, RO 0107.04.03 – Phare Programme

Duration: January-November 2004

CONSORTIUM

Coordinator: LDK Consultants, Engineers and Planners S.A.

Partners:

Environmental Planning, Engineering & Management S.A.

ENVECO S.A.

National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management – INHGA (Romania)

National Research-Development Institute for Industrial Ecology – ECOIND (Romania)

Beneficiaries:

National Institute of Statistics from Romania

Ministry of Waters and Environment from Romania

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the project that was appointed under the scope of compliance of Romanian environment statistics with European statistical system is to seek to ensure the provision of a stock of reliable and comprehensive statistical data and to satisfy needs of national users of environmental statistical data.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

  • implementing the surveys on waste;
  • implementing the surveys on water;
  • implementing of a national inventory on air emissions; and
  • setting up the indicators with environmental reference, for evaluating sustainable development in Romania and its impact upon the economic and social life through
  • development of the statistical researches on waste, emissions and water to improve the compliance of the Romanian environmental statistical system with the EU system;
  • realization of a census of the providers / producers of environmental services;
  • design of a survey system for environmental expenditures;
  • production of specific publication with environmental data.

Specific activities developed and the results obtained:

For waste:

  • organization of waste survey at national and regional level, on sampling base, for the reference year: 2002;
  • collection on data regarding to: production, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste, the composition, treatment, transport and disposal of municipal waste, waste recycling, facilities and specialized units for treatment, recovery and disposal of waste;
  • elaboration of the first applications for data processing at central and country level to obtain the aggregated statistical indicators;

Results

  • Database – register of waste producers and units that perform activities related to waste management;
  • Analysis and publication of the survey results in a brochure (100 copies in Romanian and 30 copies in English);

For water:

  • organization of water survey at the level of the hydrographic basin “Mures”, which covers seven counties, for the reference year 2003;
  • collection of data regarding to: water flow from industrial units, agriculture and specialized units for abstraction, supply, discharge of water and processing system;
  • elaboration of second application at county and central level processing and aggregated statistical indicators obtaining;

Results

  • Analysis and  publication of the survey results in a brochure  (100 copies in Romanian and 30 copies in English)

For air emissions:

  • Establishment of the list of pollutants and the emission factor by pollutants and by source / sink categories;

Results

  • Elaboration of the study on air emissions quantities for each pollutant established and source / sink categories – publication of the study (100 copies in Romanian and 30 copies in English);

Overall Indicators for sustainable development:

  • elaboration and presentation of a set of environment indicators and statistical analyses, which support the evaluation in major areas of sustainable development in Romania for the reference period 1998-2000;
  • elaboration and publication of the study on the indicators for sustainable development (100 copies in Romanian and 30 copies in English)


ARSENIC AND PESTICIDE REMOVAL FROM NATURAL WATER BY AN EFFECTIVE, SAFE AND COMPACT-SIZED SEPARATION SYSTEM

EUREKA PROJECT

CONTRACT – 46/30.10.2006

PERIOD – 2006-2008

CONSORTIUM

ELKEDE Technology and Design Centre S.A. – Greece – Coordinator

ENNEA Enter Per Le Nuove Technologie L’energia e L’ambiente – Italy – Partner

National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest – Partner

GENERAL  OBJECTIVE

Technology elaboration for the treatment of drinking water with arsenic and pesticide content using modular installations.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

  • identification and physical-chemical and biological characterization of drinking water sources (surface waters, mineral/underground waters)with arsenic and pesticide content (concentration levels, pollution matrix, bacterial/biological pollution);
  • technical-economical evaluation of arsenic/pesticides removal methods from polluted water sources taking into account quality parameters  of national and European legislation;
  • quality improvement (diminishing of suspended maters, organic load and arsenic amounts) of nanofiltration phase influent;
  • selection of optimum pretreatment solution for polluted waters with arsenic and pesticides;
  • advanced remove of arsenic and pesticides content from pretreated drinking water;
  • dissemination of project results.

REZULTS/INDICATORS

  • Data base configuration with the main technologies applied on international level for arsenic and pesticides compounds removal from drinking water emphasizing advantages and disadvantages.
  • Evaluation of pollution level with arsenic and pesticides of some drinking waters from Romania:

–        arsenic: surface waters (As £ 60 mg/l, pollution matrix – suspended maters , organic load, metals, ammonium); underground waters – 2 sources (As £ 2 mg As/l, associated pollutant – iron, manganese);

–        lindane: underground waters (gHCH £ 1 mg/l, pollution matrix – organic load, iron, manganese, nitrates).

  • Assembling of modular treatment installation having: reactor for arsenic/lindane removal by oxidation/precipitation and adsorption respectively and a membrane filtration installation in two steps (microfiltration + ultrafiltration) with continuous treatment flow, operating in the range of 100-500 l/h.

  • Experiments on pilot scale for arsenic compounds removal (arsenites + arsenates ≤ 1.6 mg/l) from natural drinking water sources were finalized with an optimal treatment flow able to assure arsenic removal efficiencies over 99% and residual concentrations below admitted limit (L458/2002 – As = 10 µg/l). The treatment flow which was chosen has the following phases: Arsenites oxidation (with H2O2)/Arsenates precipitation/Coagulation-flocculation (with Fe3+)/Microfiltration + Ultrafiltration.
  • Experiments on pilot scale for advanced removal of organochlorinated pesticides (lindane = 1 µg/l) in order to comply with the drinking water quality indicators lead to the following treatment flow: Adsorption on activated carbon/Microfiltration/ Ultrafiltration.
  • Simultaneous presence of arsenic pollutants (Ast ≤ 1.7 mg/l) and organochlorinated pesticides (lindane – 5 µg/l) in natural drinking water sources require a combined treatment flow: Arsenites oxidation (H2O2/Fe3+ system)/Partial oxidation of organic load/ Absorption on activated carbon (PAC)/Membrane filtration (microfiltration + ultrafiltration). Removal efficiencies of specific pollutants were over 99%, residual concentrations of arsenic and lindane being below admitted limits for drinking water.
  • Dissemination of project results by three work papers presented to national and international conferences.

POTENTIAL BENEFICIARIES/USERS

Project results can be used in local drinking water treatment plant, on pilot level for the beginning and integrated into the treatment flow taking into account specific results and financial resources.

Proposed technology is interesting for small communities were water resources are limited and valorification of entire sources with potential pollution level is necessary and possible by these project results.


RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLUTANTS (POPS) ELIMINATION

EUROSTARS PROJECT

CONTRACT – 297E/16.06.2010

PERIOD – 2010-2012

CONSORTIUM

DEKONTA – Czech Republic – Coordinator

S.C. DFR SYSTEMS S.R.L. – Partner

National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest – Partner

GENERAL OBJECTIV

Technology elaboration for the remediation of polluted soils with persistent organic pollutants (POPs – mentioned on the list of Stockholm Convention/2001), from the class of organochlorinated compounds – HCH isomers (Lindane) and DDX (DDT), by physical-chemical and biological methods.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

  • identification, physical-chemical and biological characterization of POPs polluted soils;
  • technical-economical assessment of remediation possibilities for POPs polluted soils;
  • selection of optimal method for soil remediation;
  • implementation of the proposed remediation technology on pilot scale.

NOVELTY ASPECTS

Remediation method for polluted soils with organochlorinated pesticides and byproducts (historical pollution) which is new in Romania up to now.

REZULTS/INDICATORS

  • Updated database referring to remediation technologies of polluted soils with HCH, DDT and byproducts by physical-chemical (oxidation, reduction), biological (anaerobic ± aerobic processes) or mixed processes;
  • Database regarding soils pollution levels with POPs in the areas of ex industrial installation for organochlorinated pesticides production and industrial organic waste landfills of Oltchim – Ramnicu Valcea, Chimcomplex – Borzesti and ex Turda Chemical Factories;
  • Soil remediation technologies at laboratory scale – HCH isomers and DDX removal efficiencies:
    • anaerobic bioremediation (ηHCH ≤ 99%);
    • zerovalent iron reduction/ZVI (ηHCH ≤ 99%; ηDDX ≤ 97%);
    • oxidation with H2O2/Na2S2O8HCH + DDX ≤ 70%).
  • Validation of the results, which was obtained on laboratory scale by testing (pilot phase), of the selected remediation technologies: biological treatment and zerovalent iron reduction.

POTENTIAL BENEFICIARIES/USERS

  • Economic agents which have this kind of pollution problems (OLTCHIM, CHIMCOMPLEX);
  • Local authorities  for environment control and monitoring

ECOREG

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS PRINCIPLES TO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

CONSORTIUM

Coordinator: Ministry of Environment and Forests

Partners:

National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology – ECOIND

GEC Bucovina

International Synergies Ltd. (United Kingdom)

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

Demonstration of industrial symbiosis potential for sustainable development of social-economic system, at the level of an pilot area from Romania – Suceava county.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

  • Reduction of natural resources consumption (raw materials, energy, utilities) for all units involved in the symbiotic network, using innovative methods and instruments
  • Significant reduction of industrial units environmental impact, through development of results based programs
  • Improvement of public relations and industrial units collaboration
  • Conservation of touristic heritage and potential within the pilot area
  • Partners and local communities awareness and training on industrial symbiosis
  • Identification of the best practices and their dissemination in order to implement industrial symbiosis concept at national level

Industrial symbiosis is representing a part of industrial ecology focus on (but not only) materials and energy exchanges. It involves joint use of energy and utilities flows, resources from secondary products, information, services, equipments, expertise, specialists by various economic units in order to create value added, diminish the costs and improve environmental protection.


SOLAR DETOXIFICATION OF WASTEWATER FROM INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES OF ELECTRO-COATING/EXTRACTION OF PRECIOUS METALS FROM ORES

CORINT Program, EUREKA-R Subprogram

Contract no.39/15.11.2005

Period: 2005-2006

CONSORTIUM

ELKA – HELLENIC SILVER AND GOLDSMITH CENTER S.A., GREECE, Coordinator

Partners:

ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL (ENEA), ITALY

GOLDAS Kuyumculuk San Ith. Ihr. A.S., TURKEY

MARMARA UNIVERSITY, ENGINEERING FACULTY, ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, TURKEY

NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY (ECOIND), RO

THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

To test the applicability of some advanced treatment technologies, as heterogeneous catalytic photolysis based on UV/TiO2, solar light/TiO2 systems, for the treatment of wastewater with cyanide content, generated from gold extraction companies.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

–          evaluate the performance of some advanced oxidation methods for the treatment of wastewater with cyanide content;

–          to identify the contamination matrix for the ore gold ore processing effluents;

–          to develop a sequential wastewater treatment based on solar photo-catalytic oxidation of the cyanide and implement / test the technology on a model pilot plant;

–          wastewater treatment technology and process parameters description;

–          dissemination and promoting the project results.

NOVELTY

  • The use of an unconventional energy source – solar light.
  • New technology on national level.

RESULTS

  • Critical study regarding the present knowledge level in the field of catalytic photolysis.

Comparative study of the advantages and disadvantages of catalytic photolysis application recommends heterogeneous catalytically photolysis with TiO2 as alternative treatment of wastewater with cyanide content. The application of this method has the advantage of replacing UV artificial light with solar light

  • Establishing the cyanide pollution level of industrial effluents generated from the gold ores processing and the pollution context based on systematization/upgrading of characterization data for the discharged effluents from representative companies in the field of extraction/processing of precious metals. Referring to quality of the effluents from the treatment flows (settling ponds) these are characterized as follows:

–     cyanides are in soluble form as free cyanides and complexes of some metals (Zn, Ni, Cu, Fe);

–     species of amenable to oxidation pollutants, such as SCN, are interfering in competitive reactions with cyanide degradation, raising the required reaction time and the process complexity;

–     heavy metals, existing as soluble salts and cyanide complexes will influence the efficiency of catalytically photolysis treatment processes.

  • The set-up of the DETOX solar pilot plant.

The process flow  and the design and construction of experimental model – solar pilot installation for catalytic photolysis processes – was performed based on the study regarding to fundamental parameters of the photo-catalytic processes and on specific elements of the solar detoxification systems. The main items of the pilot plant were:

–   the solar collector, having absorber from borosilicate glass and reflector (aluminium cover layer) as components;

–    aeration/recirculation column, heat exchanger, pumps with adjustable flow rate, structure for sustainability, monitoring equipments;

–   the oxidative photo degradation of cyanides used TiO2 (anatase) powder (as photo-catalyst), Merck powder.

  • The technological advanced treatment flow of wastewater with cyanide content is based on heterogeneous photolysis (pH = 9.5), final pH correction, with the photo-catalyst separation and reuse. The proposed technology assures an advanced removal degree of CN from wastewater (from 5 mg/l total cyanide to compliance of the treated effluent with restricted quality limits for discharging into natural receivers, total CN < 0.1 mg/l – GD 352/21.04.2005. The implementation on industrial scale of this technology for advanced treatment of wastewater with cyanide content (CNt £ 5 mg/l) can be done after preliminary test on semi industrial pilot scale in order to finalize the operating parameters and the flow steps order, respectively in the frame of real variation of the influent chemical-physical composition.

Figure 2

  • Dissemination and demonstration of the project results, were made by:

–        emphasizing the results in the frame of two scientific events;

–        one ISI coverage paper.

POTENTIAL USERS

  • Industrial gold ore processing units
  • Companies from electro technical, electronic industry and metal processing units – that use metal electroplating.

Professional Formation Program LEONARDO  da VINCI – MODULE FOR IMPROVING THE POLLUTION CONTROL OF THE ENVIRONMENT

-Pilot project nr. RO/ 02/ B/ F/ PP  – 141004

COORDINATOR:

University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry

PARTNERS:

CEAM (SPAIN), UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA  (SPAIN), UNIVERSITY OF PERPIGNAN (FRANCE), UNIVERSITY “TOR VERGATA”, ROMA (ITALY), ECOIND (ROMANIA), ICECHIM (ROMANIA), ITEC-BRAZI (ROMANIA), ANOX (SWEDEN), UNIVERSITY OF LUND (SWEDEN)   

OBJCTIVES:

  • Development /implementation of a flexible module for improving the knowledge in the field of environmental pollution control;
  • Qualification in working with modern analytical equipment by using simulating programs.
  • Exchange of teachers and students between the partners involved in the project and visits in industrial companies;
  • Mutual recognition of qualifications and knowledge ;
  • Adapting European standards, methods and programs for vocational development by cooperation between universities, research institutes, specialized organizations and associated enterprises.

BENEFICIARIES OF THE  PROJECT ?

  • Young persons qualified in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, ecology, engineering, etc.
  • Employed and unemployed persons interested by this field of activity.

– Experts in the field of environmental control which intend to develop their knowledge this field of activity.

– Pollutant and potential pollutant companies.

– Local and central authorities interested in monitoring environmental quality.


    • Methods for testing of physical-chemical properties of dangerous substances in accordance with European Union Legislation .
    • Monitoring of physical-chemical quality characteristics of water from Danube Delta Biosphere.
    • Adaptation of national legislation for dangerous substances to European Union legislation in this field.
    • The role of biotic components in cycling and recycling process of nutrients (N, P) in lentic aquatic ecosystems from Danube Delta and application in their removal
    • Methods for determining the ecotoxicity (according to Directive 67/548/EEC, Annex V – Part C) in order to implement European legislation for hazardous substances and Principles of Good Laboratory Practice
    • Spatial and temporal dynamics of biotic components – phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic macro invertebrates in Danube Delta aquatic ecosystems
    • Spatial-temporal evolution of the main trophic state indices for aquatic ecosystems in Danube Delta
    • Spatial and temporal dynamics of the main biotic communities in Danube Delta